linux内核驱动之自动创建设备文件devfs与udev

Linux 2.4内核中devfs创建设备目录： devfs_handle_t devfs_mk_dir(devfs_handle_t dir, const char *name, void info);创建设备文件：devfs_handle_t devfs_register(devfs_handle_t dir, const char * name.unsigned int flags, unsigned int major,unsigned int minor, umode_t mode,void *ops, void *info); 在指定的目录中创建设备文件：dir 目录名，为空表示在/dev/目录下创建；name 文件名；flags 创建标志；major 主设备号；minor 次设备号；mode创建模式；ops 操作函数集；info 通常为空撤销设备文件：void devfs_unregister(devfs_handlle_t de);使用实例：Static devfs_handle_t devfs_handle;Devfs_handle = devfs-register(NULL, DEVICE_NAME, DEVFS_FL_DEFAULT, major, 0 , S_IFCHR | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, &XXX_fops);Devfs_unregister(devfs_handle);此方法在linux 2.6任然被支持，但是是一种过时的做法Linux 2.6内核中udev从linux 2.6.13开始，devfs不复存在，udev 成为devfs的替代品。相比devfs,udev(mdev)存在于应用层。利用udev(mdev)来实现设备文件的自动创建很简单，在驱动代码里调用class_create 为该设备创建一个class,在为每个设备调用device_create创建对应的设备。例1：struct class *myclass ；static struct device *dev;myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, “my_device_driver”);if (IS_ERR(my_class)) {printk("Err: failed in creating class.\n");return ;}dev = device_create(myclass, NULL, MKDEV(major_num, minor_num), NULL, “my_device”);device_destroy(my_class, MKDEV(major_num, minor_num));class_destroy(my_class);例2：现在，好使的是device_create ，从2.6.18开始可用struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,dev_t devt, const char *fmt, ...)从2.6.26起又多了一个参数drvdata：the data to be added to the device for callbacks不会用就给个NULL吧.struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)dev=device_create(usb_class, NULL, test_usb_devno, shortname);//2.6.26以上// dev=device_create(usb_class, NULL, test_usb_devno, NULL,shortname);device_create( my_class, NULL, MKDEV(hello_major, 0), "hello" "%d", 0 );如果成功，它将会在/dev目录下产生/dev/hello0设备。当驱动被加载时，udev(mdev)就会自动在/dev下创建my_device设备文件。#include <linux/device.h> // device_create()class_create()-------------------------------------------------linux-2.6.22/include/linux/device.hstruct class *class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name) class_create - create a struct class structure @owner: pointer to the module that is to "own" this struct class @name: pointer to a string for the name of this class.在/sys/class/下创建类目录class_device_create()-------------------------------------------------linux-2.6.22/include/linux/device.hstruct class_device *class_device_create(struct class *cls, struct class_device *parent, dev_t devt, struct device *device, const char *fmt, ...) class_device_create - creates a class device and registers it with sysfs @cls: pointer to the struct class that this device should be registered to. @parent: pointer to the parent struct class_device of this new device, if any. @devt: the dev_t for the char device to be added. @device: a pointer to a struct device that is assiociated with this class device. @fmt: string for the class device's namePS:2.6.15中的函数： Class_device_create(struct class *cls, struct class_device *parent, dev_t devt, struct device *device, const char *fmt, ...); Class_devcie_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt);在2.6.27中变为： Device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ..); Device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt);

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