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不久以前，曾经搜到一篇博客是读取配置文件的，http://www.cnblogs.com/bo083/archive/2012/11/19/2777076.html，用到现在，感觉十分方便，感谢作者。现在，需要通过web界面给用户留出接口来修改类似配置文件，大的方法是从php调用linux shell script，于是，现在贴一个可以修改此种配置文件的linux shell。首先，配置文件的格式如下：[unit1]field1=value1field2=value2[unit2]field1=value3field3=value4......例子如下，config.ini：[DATABASE]dbms_ip=localhostuser=rootpasswd=clouddb_name=cloudport=2394[BUSINESS]port=9084[OFFLINE]pcap_file=test.pcap配置文件中包含3个unit，表示3个大的方面：数据库，业务，离线；每个unit有属于自己的字段名及字段值。上文中引用博客正是能读取这样的配置文件，而目前我们便是要通过linux shell来修改这个配置文件。我们设计的程序名为 modify_config_file，使用 ./modify_config_file unit1-field1=changed_value1 unit2-field1=changed_value2 这样的格式（参数可以继续添加）来进行修改。要做到修改配置文件的功能其实并不难，20-30行便可以解决问题。但是基于“一切输入都是有害的”的原则，需要在shell中加入各种容错处理，如果用户参数输入错误，要能及时提醒用户，定位问题所在，下面是基于这样一个初衷的shell，当然，名称为modify_config_file：#!/bin/bashPATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbinexport PATH#Program#This program is to modify the configuration file #History#2014.10.30 WeiZheng 1.1MY_HOME="/home/weizheng/10-30-yg/yg-soft"CONFIG_FILE="$MY_HOME/config.ini"ERROR_NUM=255function get_line_num(){# Check if the argument name has the separator "-" that separate the argument unit and argument fieldseparator=$(echo $1 | grep "-")if [ -z "$separator" ]; thenecho -e "error: \"$1\": argument name has no separator \"-\" that separate the argument unit and argument field"exit $ERROR_NUMfi# Check if the argument name has argument unit and argument fieldarg_unit=$(echo $1 | cut -d "-" -f 1)arg_field=$(echo $1 | cut -d "-" -f 2)if [ -z "$arg_unit" -o -z "$arg_field" ]; thenecho -e "error: \"$1\": argument name has no argument unit or argument field around \"-\""exit $ERROR_NUMfi# Get the argument unit's interval [$arg_unit_line_num, $next_neighbour_unit_line_num)arg_unit_line_num=$(grep -n "\[$arg_unit\]" $CONFIG_FILE | cut -d ":" -f1)if [ -z "$arg_unit_line_num" ]; thenecho -e "error: \"$arg_unit\": can not find argument unit"exit $ERROR_NUMfinext_neighbour_unit_line_num=$(awk "NR>$arg_unit_line_num && /^\[.*\]/ {print NR; exit 0}" $CONFIG_FILE)if [ -z "$next_neighbour_unit_line_num" ]; thenfile_line_count=$(wc -l $CONFIG_FILE | cut -d " " -f 1)next_neighbour_unit_line_num=$((file_line_count+1))fiecho "argument unit interval: ($arg_unit_line_num, $next_neighbour_unit_line_num)"arg_field_line_nums=$(grep -n "^$arg_field=" $CONFIG_FILE | cut -d ":" -f1 | tr "\n" "\ ")if [ -z "$arg_field_line_nums" ]; thenecho -e "error: \"$arg_field\": can not find argument field"exit $ERROR_NUMfiecho "matched argument field in line: $arg_field_line_nums"# the $arg_field_line_num must in the interval ($arg_unit_line_num, $next_neighbour_unit_line_num)for arg_field_line_num in $arg_field_line_numsdoif [ $arg_field_line_num -gt $arg_unit_line_num -a $arg_field_line_num -lt $next_neighbour_unit_line_num ]; thenecho "find argument field in line: $arg_field_line_num"return $arg_field_line_numfidone# if not return in for-loop, the arg_field_line_num is not in the interval ($arg_unit_line_num, $next_neighbour_unit_line_num)echo -e "the argument field is not in the argument unit interval"exit $ERROR_NUM}while [ "$1" ]do# Check if the separator "=" that separate the argument name and argument value existsequal_symbol=$(echo $1 | grep "=")if [ -z "$equal_symbol" ]; thenecho -e "error: \"$1\": argument has no \"=\""exit $ERROR_NUMfi# Check if argument name and argument value existarg_name=$(echo $1 | cut -d "=" -f 1)arg_value=$(echo $1 | cut -d "=" -f 2)if [ -z "$arg_name" -o -z "$arg_value" ]; thenecho -e "error: \"$1\": argument has no name or value around \"=\""exit $ERROR_NUMfi# Get the line number of the argument from CONFIG_FILEget_line_num $arg_nameargs_line_num=$?# use sed change the argument linearg_field=$(echo $arg_name | cut -d "-" -f 2)sed -i "${args_line_num}c $arg_field=$arg_value" $CONFIG_FILEnew_line=$(sed -n "${args_line_num}p" $CONFIG_FILE)echo "the argument has been changed: $new_line"shift 1done用户通过以下命令修改配置：./modify_config_file BUSINESS-port=8888输出如下：argument unit interval: (8, 11)matched argument field in line: 6 9 find argument field in line: 9the argument has been changed: port=8888其中，第一行表示找到BUSINESS这个unit所在的行号区间，注意是开区间；第二行表示所有匹配到field行号，因为可能多个unit中有相同的field；第三行表示最终落入unit区间的field行号；第四行表示所在行修改后的结果。另外，用户输入不符合格式是很有可能，针对以下几种错误都会报告并且定位：1. ./modify_config_file BUSINESSerror: "BUSINESS": argument has no "="2. ./modify_config_file BUSINESS=error: "BUSINESS=": argument has no name or value around "="3. ./modify_config_file BUSINESS=8888error: "BUSINESS": argument name has no separator "-" that separate the argument unit and argument field4. ./modify_config_file BUSINESS-=8888error: "BUSINESS-": argument name has no argument unit or argument field around "-"5. ./modify_config_file BUSINESS-por=8888argument unit interval: (8, 11)error: "por": can not find argument field6. ./modify_config_file BUSINE-port=8888error: "BUSINE": can not find argument unit如果要应用到其它的配置文件，需要在脚本中修改配置文件所在路径与文件名：MY_HOME="/home/weizheng/10-30-yg/yg-soft"CONFIG_FILE="$MY_HOME/config.ini"
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