配置网络安装的说明及步骤演示1、配置nfs服务器,用于存放linux系统的安装文件2、配置tftp服务器,用于提供客户端pxe引导所必须的启动文件3、配置dhcp服务器,用于给客户端提供ip地址及其他信息4、配置kickstart,用于自动应答操作系统安装5、使用网卡的pxe功能引导客户机。配置nfs服务器创建共享目录并将光盘内容拷贝到共享目录中去[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/sys -p[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /media/* /data/sys/安装配置nfs[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep nfsnfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86_64nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-6.el6.x86_64nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-6.el6.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# echo "/data/sys192.168.100.0/24(ro,sync)" >> /etc/exports[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/exports/data/sys 192.168.100.0/24(ro,sync)启动服务并验证是否共享[root@localhost ~]# service nfs start[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.1Export list for 192.168.100.1:/data/sys 192.168.100.0/24安装配置tftp服务器客户机需要通过tftp服务器下载引导文件并执行。因此,需要通过配置tftp服务器和pxe的引导配置完成这个过程。安装tftp[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install tftp-server修改配置文件启动tftp[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp# default: off# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial filetransfer \# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to bootdiskless \# workstations, downloadconfiguration files to network-aware printers, \# and to start theinstallation process for some operating systems.service tftp{ socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot disable = no #yes改为no per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4}设置完成启动服务[root@localhost ~]# service xinetd startPxe引导配置Pxe启动映像文件由syslinux软件包提供,安装syslinux,就会生成一个pxelinux.0,将pxelinux.0这个文件复制到“/tftpboot”[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0/var/lib/tftpboot/设置用于启动的内核文件(/media目录为系统盘挂载的位置)[root@localhost ~]# cp /media/images/pxeboot/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/[root@localhost ~]# cp /media/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/将光盘中的“isolinux/isolinux.cfg”文件复制为”/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default”[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/[root@localhost tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /media/isolinux/isolinux.cfg/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default安装配置dhcp服务器在pxe引导安装过程中,pxe客户机通过dhcp服务获取pxe客户机的ip地址、pxe引导文件名称;然后客户机在通过tftp协议从tftp服务器下载引导文件。[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dhcp配置dhcp服务器[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf# DHCP Server Configuration file.# see/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example# see dhcpd.conf(5) man pagesubnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.100.10192.168.100.100; option routers192.168.100.1; option subnet-mask255.255.255.0; next-server192.168.100.1; #指定tftp服务器位置 filename"pxelinux.0"; #指定PXE引导程序文件名}启动dhcp服务[root@localhost ~]# service dhcpd startKickstart安装配置为了避免在能在操作系统的过程中,需要大量和服务器交互操作,为了减少这个交互过程,kickstart就诞生了。使用这种kickstart,只需要事先定义好一个kickstart自动应答配置文件ks.cfg(通常存放在安装服务器上),并让安装程序只要该配置文件的位置,在安装过程中安装程序就可以自己从该文件中读取安装配置,这样就避免了在安装过程中多次的人机交互,从而实现无人值守的自动化安装。[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart安装kickstart之后,通过桌面菜单“应用程序”→“系统工具”→“kickstart”就可以打开kickstart配置程序。设置nfs服务的地址和目录设置磁盘信息设置网络信息防火墙设置选择禁用即可选择安装的相关服务设置安装后的脚本安装文件如下[root@localhost ~]# grep -v "#" ks.cfgfirewall --disabledinstallnfs --server=192.168.100.1 --dir=/data/sysrootpw --iscrypted$1$IT9coR8E$EjlYzCraRb5p1nF8UFWbf/auth--passalgo=sha512graphicalfirstboot --disablekeyboard uslang zh_CNselinux --disabledlogging --level=infotimezoneAsia/Shanghaibootloader --location=mbrzerombrclearpart --allpart swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1%post --interpreter=/bin/bashuseradd zhangsan%end%packages@base@basic-desktop@development@chinese-support%end启动自动应答文件[root@localhost ~]# cp ks.cfg /data/sys/ks.cfg修改安装方式为自动[root@localhost ~]# vim/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultdefault autoprompt 0label auto kernelvmlinuz appendks=nfs:192.168.100.1:/data/sys/ks.cfginitrd=initrd.img devfs=nomount ramdisk_size=8192ks设置应答文件位置如果有多块网卡可能还需要设置ksdevice=eth0还可以设置timeout等待时间设置完成之后,客户端通过网络pxe启动就可以自动安装了无人值守一键脚本#!/bin/bash###################################################Author:wangjunkang#qq:2723216002#Email:[email protected]#Lastmodified:2015-03-1410:17#Filename:pxe.sh#Description:##################################################media=/media/#设置光盘挂载位置gongxiang=/data/sys#设置nfs共享目录nfsserver=192.168.100.1#拷贝系统安装文件if[-d$gongxiang];thendaxiao=`du-sh/data/sys/|awk'{print$1}'`if[$daxiao==3.5G];thenecho"">>/dev/nullfielsemkdir$gongxiang-pcp-a$media*$gongxiangfi#设置nfs共享grep"/data/sys"/etc/exports||echo"/data/sys192.168.100.0/24(ro,sync)">>/etc/exports&&servicenfsstart>>/dev/null#设置tftprpm-qa|greptftp-server>>/dev/nullrpmtftp=`echo$?`if[$rpmtftp-ne0];thenyum-yinstalltftp-server>>/dev/nullsed-i's/disable.*=yes/disable=no/g'/etc/xinetd.d/tftpservicexinetdstart>>/dev/nullelsegrep"disable.*=yes"/etc/xinetd.d/tftp&&sed-i's/disable.*=yes/disable=no/g'/etc/xinetd.d/tftp&&servicexinetdreloadecho"">>/dev/nullfi#设置dhcpsubnet=192.168.100.0netmask=255.255.255.0range="192.168.100.10192.168.100.100"routers="192.168.100.1"subnetmask="255.255.255.0"rpm-qa|grepdhcp.x86_64>>/dev/nullif[$?-ne0];thenyum-yinstalldhcp>>/dev/null&&>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf&&cat>>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf<<EOFsubnet$subnetnetmask$netmask{range$range;optionrouters$routers;optionsubnet-mask$subnetmask;next-server$nfsserver;filename"pxelinux.0";}EOFservicedhcpdstart>>/dev/nullelse>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf&&cat>>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf<<EOFsubnet$subnetnetmask$netmask{range$range;optionrouters$routers;optionsubnet-mask$subnetmask;next-server$nfsserver;filename"pxelinux.0";}EOFservicedhcpdreload>>/dev/nullfi#拷贝安装所需的内核文件和pxe启动文件rpm-qa|grepsyslinux>>/dev/null||yum-yinstallsyslinux>>/dev/nullcp/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0/var/lib/tftpboot/cp/$media/images/pxeboot/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/cp/$media/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/if[-d/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg];thenecho"">>/dev/nullelsemkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfgficp/$media/isolinux/isolinux.cfg/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default#设置自动应答文件>/data/sys/ks.cfgcat>>/data/sys/ks.cfg<<EOFfirewall--disabledinstallnfs--server=$nfsserver--dir=$gongxiangrootpw--iscrypted$1$IT9coR8E$EjlYzCraRb5p1nF8UFWbf/auth--passalgo=sha512graphicalfirstboot--disablekeyboarduslangzh_CNselinux--disabledlogging--level=infotimezoneAsia/Shanghaibootloader--location=mbrzerombrclearpart--allpartswap--fstype="swap"--size=2048part/--fstype="ext4"--grow--size=1#reboot%packages@base@chinese-support@client-mgmt-tools@console-internet@core@debugging@directory-client@hardware-monitoring@java-platform@large-systems@network-file-system-client@performance@perl-runtime@server-platform@server-policypaxpython-dmidecodeoddjobsgpiodevice-mapper-persistent-datasamba-winbindcertmongerpam_krb5krb5-workstationperl-DBD-SQLite%endEOF#设置pxe启动文件>/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultcat>>/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default<<EOFdefaultautoprompt0labelautokernelvmlinuzappendks=nfs:$nfsserver:$gongxiang/ks.cfginitrd=initrd.imgdevfs=nomountramdisk_size=8192EOF#关闭防火墙和SElinuxiptables-Fsetenforce0
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