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裸设备，是没有经过格式化的分区或磁盘，也叫裸分区（原始分区），不被Unix通过文件系统来读取的特殊字符设备。它由应用程序负责对它进行读写操作。不经过文件系统的缓冲，是不被操作系统直接管理的设备。由于跨过操作系统管理，使得I/O效率更高。在基于SUSE Linux 10上安装Oracle 10g RAC的话，由于Oracle 10g 不支持将ocr与votingdisk 存放在ASM 磁盘中，因此，依然需要为其使用裸设备方式。SUSELinux裸设备的配置与其他的Linux稍有差异，下面将具体描述。1、先对磁盘进行分区，sdd如下面的方法炮制#下面的示例中使用sdc和sdd来用作裸设备，一块用于ocr,一块用于votingdiskbo2dbp:~ # fdisk /dev/sdcDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4):Value out of range.Partition number (1-4):Value out of range.Partition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-200, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-200, default 200):Using default value 200Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.2、分区后的结果bo2dbp:~ # fdisk -l /dev/sdcDisk /dev/sdc: 209 MB, 209715200 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 200 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 200 204784 83 Linuxbo2dbp:~ # fdisk -l /dev/sddDisk /dev/sdd: 209 MB, 209715200 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 200 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdd1 1 200 204784 83 Linux3、配置裸设备bo2dbp:~ # vi /etc/raw# /etc/raw## sample configuration to bind raw devices# to block devices## The format of this file is:# raw<N>:<blockdev>## example:# ---------# raw1:hdb1## this means: bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/hdb1## ...#Add new raw devicesraw1:sdc1raw2:sdd14、启动裸设备bo2dbp:~ # rcraw startbind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sdc1... donebind /dev/raw/raw2 to /dev/sdd1... done5、配置裸设备随系统启动bo2dbp:~ # chkconfig rawraw on#修改裸设备的权限与所有者，尽管该操作会修改，但重启之后将失效。永久修改见第7点bo2dbp:~ # chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw[1-2]bo2dbp:~ # chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw[1-2]6、测试裸设备bo2dbp:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=1024k count=200dd: writing `/dev/raw/raw1': No space left on device200+0 records in199+0 records out209698816 bytes (210 MB) copied, 2.59567 seconds, 80.8 MB/s7、修改裸设备启动后权限及所有者#使用root用户修改/etc/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules,确保raw设备的权限GROUP="dba", MODE="660", OWNER="oracle"#将其中包含KENREL=="raw"的记录修改为如下KERNEL=="raw[0-9]*", SUBSYSTEM=="raw", NAME="raw/%k", GROUP="dba", MODE="640", OWNER="oracle"8、确认配置成功#重启之后的状态bo2dbp:~ # ls -hltr /dev/rawtotal 0crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 0 Sep 19 10:22 rawctlcrw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 Sep 19 10:22 raw1crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 Sep 19 10:22 raw2bo2dbs:~ # /usr/sbin/raw -qa/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 33/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 49
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